子どもが学校に行けなくなると、親として子どもの学習や進路が気になるのは当然のことです。
また、不登校生は勉強を嫌がることが多い傾向にはありますが、学校を休みながらどう勉強していくかを本人自ら悩んでいることも多くあります。実際に我々が支援している中での割合は、前者が7割、後者が3割ぐらいです。
そんな時、単独での自宅学習や家庭教師に来てもらうということが、現実的な選択肢として頭に浮かびます。
ゆーくろっくでも、研修を受けた学生指導員を派遣し、「まずは好きなことを一緒に楽しみながら、生活習慣を整える、自分の悩みを話せるようになる、状況に応じたコミュニケーションを学ぶ、外出する、進路を考える、勉強する」といった個別のテーマを支援するという活動を行っています。
しかし、こういった自宅学習や家庭教師にはメリット・デメリットがあり、使い方を考えていくことが重要です。
不登校における自宅学習や家庭教師のメリット
不登校における自宅学習や家庭教師のメリットには、①子どもに合わせたカリキュラムで勉強できる、②親と子どもの関わりが増える、③先生の評価や周囲との比較によるプレッシャーを感じることなく安心して勉強できる、といったことが挙げられます。
また、学校に戻っても全く勉強についていけないとすぐに嫌になりますし、勉強していない生活から急に毎日教室で授業を受ける生活に戻るのは心身両面でハードです。ゆえに、自宅学習や家庭教師の活用は、不登校からの回復のステップとしても有効です。
不登校における自宅学習や家庭教師のデメリット
不登校における自宅学習や家庭教師のデメリットとしては、社会的スキルが育ちにくいという点が挙げられます。
ゆーくろっくの中学二年生のS君は、小学校3年生から学校を休むようになり、不登校になった少年でした。
ただ、不登校といっても明るく挨拶のできる良い子で、学力面も通信教育によって最低限は補っており、一見するととても不登校とはわからないような男の子でした。
ただ、実際に訪問支援を進める中でわかったのは、大人と話すのは上手で、勉強もある程度できているものの、同年代の子と関わるための社会的スキルの成長が小学校3年生の時点で止まっているということでした。
小3では笑ってもらえるおふざけも中2では冷めた目で見られる、小学生では先生の質問に分かる人は一生懸命声を出して手を挙げるけど中学生でそれをやると浮いちゃう、みたいなことってありますよね。
同世代間のコミュニケーションや振る舞いといった「読むべき空気」のようなもの＝同世代間の社会的スキルは、大人ですら年代に応じて変化していきます。子どもならその変化は一層大きいものです。
自宅学習や家庭教師の活用をすすめると、親をはじめとする大人とばかり接するようになって同世代間の社会的スキルが育たず、友情を深めることのできる仲間集団、社会的集団からから孤立しやすくなってしまうのです。
最後に
ゆーくろっくでは、自宅学習や家庭教師の活用を否定しているわけではありません。
むしろ不登校生にとって必要なものです。
ただ、それだけで子どもが十分に成長にできるわけではないということを伝えたいのです。
同世代間の社会的スキルを伸ばすには学校が一番良いとは思いますが、夏のサマースクール、冬のスキースクール、同世代とのコミュニケーションが図れるような習い事（サッカーやダンスなど）といった場所もたくさんあります。
外出が苦手な場合は外出に慣れることからスタートですが、不登校生にとってこういったサービスの利用はとても有効です。
ゆーくろっくでも月に一度、キャンパス見学、ボーリング大会、フットサル大会への出場、いちご狩りなどのイベントを開催し、同世代間での交流の場を設けています。
そういった同世代間のコミュニケーションの場を、上手く子どもたちに提供してあげてください。
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