こんにちは。今日は、「不登校の時の課外活動のススメ」というテーマでお話をしたいと思います。
日々多くの不登校のお子さまの支援をしていて一番問題だと感じているのが、不登校になると子どもが自分に対する自信をどんどん失ってしまうということです。
同学年に比べて勉強は遅れていき、親の期待に応えられていないことは自分が一番よくわかります。
家にいると、何かにチャレンジして達成するという”成功体験を得る機会”も失われていきます。
友だちとのつながりも自信を形成する要素ですが、不登校になるとそれも減ってしまいがちです。
学校に行く、あるいは学校に行けなくても目標を決めて前に進むためには、自分に対する自信が不可欠ですが、不登校になるとどうしても自信が失われやすいのです。
そのような課題がある中で、課外活動を行うのは不登校生にとってとても有用です。
『不登校における自宅学習や家庭教師のメリットデメリット』でも不登校時の課外活動の良さについて少し話をしましたが、今日は改めて、「なぜいいのか」「どんな活動がよいのか」について詳しくお話しします。
不登校というラベル抜きで認められる経験をすることができる
不登校になった時に苦しいのが、家の中や自分だけの世界においては何をがんばっても認められないところにあります。
「絵を描くのはいいけど、まず学校に行けるようにならないとね」
「英語は一生懸命勉強するのに、学校には行けないんだね・・・」
など、どんなにがんばっていても、学校に行っていない限り認められないというつらさがあります。
しかし、学外の活動では関係ありません（『私と不登校③〜来るべき時に備える〜』参照）
不登校というラベル抜きで認められる経験は、子どもにとって大きな大きな自信となります。
コミュニケーションに対する自信とスキルが育まれる
集団の中で浮くことや、孤立すること、仲間に入れないことが原因で、不登校になる子どもは多いです。
子どものコミュニケーションスキルが原因になっていることもありますが、たまたま少数派だったり、転校生だったり、一時的に友人とトラブルが発生しただけなのに、友だちとかかわることに自信をなくし、うまく話せなくなることも多いです。
それが課外活動を通して新たな友人関係を作ることができれば、自然とコミュニケーションに対する自信とスキルも育まれて、学校に行きやすくなります。
不登校時の課外活動は好きなことや趣味に関するものが望ましい
課外活動は、学校のクラブ活動、地域のクラブチームや習い事、子ども会といった趣味を共有し、新たな友人関係をつくるものが良いでしょう。長期休みなら、サマースクールやスキーキャンプもあります。囲碁クラブのような大人がいる場も良いです。
スクールカウンセラーや生徒指導担当の先生、理解のある学校関係者に聞けば、参加可能な課外活動を教えてくれることがあります。参加可能な課外活動をリストアップして、子どもに興味のあるものがないか聞いてみるとよいでしょう。
最後に
課外活動はまず一つ始めることが目標になりますが、できるのであれば2~3個始めさせてみることをおすすめします
誰にだって合う活動と合わない活動があります。
一つだけだと活動に合わずに辞めてしまい、何もしなくなる日々に戻る可能性がありますが、複数始めたら何か合う活動が見つかりやすいと思います。
そしてそこで友達ができたようであれば、お母さんが家に食事に招待してあげたり、映画などに一緒に遊びに行かせてあげることで、お子さまはより友人関係を深め、前に進むことができるでしょう。
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